Randomized controlled benign breast 2003

In brief, 10 postmenopausal women who were aged 50 — 79 years at initial screening, had a prior hysterectomy, were likely to reside in the area for 3 years, and provided written informed consent were enrolled between and at 40 clinical centers. Exclusions were based on competing risk, safety eg, prior breast cancer , and adherence and retention considerations. Before their baseline eval- uation and random assignment, women using postmenopausal hor- mones at initial screening were required to have a 3-month washout period during which they did not use postmenopausal hormones. All participants had a baseline mammogram and clinical breast examination; abnormal findings suggestive of breast cancer required that breast cancer be ruled out before the participant entered the study. The study population for this study consisted of all women in the original CEE trial.

The publisher's final edited version of this article is available at Breast Cancer Res Treat See other articles in PMC that cite the published article. Abstract Experimental evidence provides strong support for anti-carcinogenic effects of calcium and vitamin D with respect to breast cancer. Observational epidemiologic data also provide some support for inverse associations with risk. We tested the effect of calcium plus vitamin D supplementation on risk of benign proliferative breast disease, a condition which is associated with increased risk of breast cancer. Regular mammograms and clinical breast exams were performed. We identified women who had had a biopsy for benign breast disease and subjected histologic sections from the biopsies to standardized review.

Abstract Modifiable factors, including diet, might alter breast cancer risk. We used the WHI Dietary Modification DM trial to test the effect of the intervention on risk of benign proliferative breast disease, a condition associated with increased risk of and considered to be on the pathway to invasive breast cancer. Participants were randomly assigned to the DM intervention group or to the comparison group. Participants had biennial mammograms and regular clinical breast exams.

An understanding of the hormonal and growth factor control of breast development and function is key to the rational and systematic evaluation and treatment of patients. A firm understanding of benign breast disease is important since sequential steps are necessary to distinguish lesions which impart a high risk of subsequent breast cancer from those which do not. This chapter will review the physiology of breast function, provide histologic examples of common lesions, and detail practical approaches to evaluation and treatment.